Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting by Using Nanomaterials: A Review

One of the best methods for generating hydrogen in a straightforward, low-cost, and environmentally friendly manner is photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting using nanoparticles. The total efficacy of solar to hydrogen energy transfer may be improved by tuning a photocatalyst with a material of an appropriate frequency. By controlling their size and structure, the capacity of nanomaterials can be limited. Recent research has focused on the role of nanostructured materials in water splitting, specifically their structural and crystalline characteristics. When using PEC cells to split water, the most significant concern is in charge separation and transport. The high surface-to-volume ratio of nanomaterials facilitates charge separation, and the recombination of electron–hole pairs is thus minimized. This article summarizes current research on PEC-based nanoparticles for use in water-splitting techniques and other methods for advancing hydrogen development.