The application of markerless motion capture (MMC) technology in rehabilitation programs: a systematic review and meta-analysis

This review explores the effects of markerless motion capture technology-based rehabilitation programs targeting clinical populations and identifies the types of MMC systems used. A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, CENTRAL, EMBASE, and IEEE databases. All eligible studies—single-group or controlled trial studies investigating the effectiveness of MMC technology-based rehabilitation programs—were selected. Single-group studies were qualitatively described; only controlled trial studies were included in the meta-analysis. Effects regarding the application of MMC technology for different types of patients and training body parts are summarized. Five single-group studies and 18 controlled trial studies were included. All studies applied MMC technology as a form of virtual reality training to provide rehabilitation programs. Most of the studies were conducted in regard to upper extremity training in stroke populations. Our meta-analysis revealed that there is no significant difference in the upper limb rehabilitation effects between VR training and control interventions. There is potential to apply MMC technology as an alternative way of providing rehabilitation to increase patients’ motivation and adherence. Future studies on the design of training programs and MMC systems in home settings, which are affordable and accessible for patients, are warranted. (This review is registered in PROSPERO, registration ID: CRD42022298189).