Bio-synthesis of Lead Oxide Nanoparticles Using Chinese Mahogany Plant Extract (CMPE@LO) for Photocatalytic and Antimicrobial Activities

The current study describes the plant-mediated synthesis of lead oxide nanoparticles (LO) using a plant extract from Chinese Mahogany (CMPE). The invented nano-hybrid structure (CMPE@LO) has been used for the fast green (FG) dye degradation as well as bio-medical applications. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized using techniques like Fourier transform infrared spectrogram (FTIR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). The presence of Pb, O, and C components in the EDX spectrum verified the formation of the desired nanocomposite. The crystalline nature was confirmed by XRD measurements, which showed nanoparticles with a size of 22.56 nm. The FESEM study presents a rod-like, rough, and spongy surface for the removal of contaminants from a water system. The various operating parameters such as the effect of time, concentration of fast green, and photocatalyst amount were also studied and optimized for maximum removal. The kinetic study was investigated using a pseudo-first model having a good value of regression coefficient ( R 2 ). The antibacterial properties of the prepared nanoparticle against bacteria including Bacillus subtilis , Staphylococcus aureus , and Escherichia coli were also investigated. The synthesized CMPE@LO nanoparticles show a higher zone of inhibition as compared to inorganic or organic moiety. Hence, these findings present that the (CMPE@LO) nano-hybrid structure can be employed as a photocatalyst for fast green (FG) dye and antimicrobial agent against pathogenic bacteria. Graphical Abstract