Thermal analysis of the flow of the Maxwell nanofluid through the cone and disk system space with dual diffusion and multiple rotations

Among various non-Newtonian models, the current study considers Maxwell fluid flow between cone and disk devices in conjunction with dual diffusion. In this scenario, the combination of Fourier’s and Fick’s law assumptions, including the Cattaneo–Christov heat and mass flux terminologies, is used for describing heat and mass transfer, respectively. The flow is analyzed in four different cases including: (i) rotation of the disk and cone in the reverse direction, (ii) rotation of both cone and disk in one direction, (iii) rotation of the cone and stationary status of the disk, and (iv) rotating disk with the stationary cone. The primary governing model consists of partial differential equations, which are tackled through the control volume finite element method (CVFEM). This system is reduced into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations with the help of similarity variables, which is solved using the Runge–Kutta fourth-order (RK-4) technique. In order to understand heat transfer and mass diffusion, the performance of the physical parameters is analyzed for the potential applications of heat exchange devices. It is observed that the increasing Maxwell parameter has inauspicious effects on fluid motion and thermal state. The radial component of velocity is noted to dwindle with higher magnetic parameter. Meanwhile, the case of a swirling disk and a still cone improves the transverse velocity. Despite that, the thermal boundary layer is observed to be an increasing function of thermophoretic and Brownian motion parameters. Moreover, higher thermal relaxation time and Prandtl number fasten the convection process. Furthermore, the thermophoretic parameter, concentration relaxation parameter, and Schmidt number have apparently favorable effects on relative mass diffusion regions compared to the Brownian parameter.