Development and validation of 105 SNP markers in Chionodraco rastrospinosus

Ocellated icefish ( Chionodraco rastrospinosus , C. rastrospinosu ), plays an essential role in the Antarctic food web, and is mainly distributed at depths of 200-1,000 m in the Southern Ocean. The abundance of this species has been drastically reduced due to various impacts, including overfishing and climate change. Therefore, in order to develop, sustainably exploit and protect this species, it is urgent to understand the state of its population resources. However, there is little information available regarding its genetic structure and a lack of effective molecular markers of this species. In this study, 105 novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were developed using double digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-Seq). The observed heterozygosity ( H o ) and expected heterozygosity ( H e ) ranged from 0 to 1 and 0.2188 to 0.5, respectively. The polymorphism information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.194824 to 0.375. After Bonferroni correction, none of the loci deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium ( p > 0.05). The development of these SNP markers will be useful for the genetic analysis and scientific management of C. rastrospinosus .