Factors Affecting COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among General Population

Introduction: Effort are being made to inhibit the spread of COVID-19 in the long term by carrying out mass vaccination [1]. Although WHO has provided information related to vaccines in preventing transmission of COVID-19, people's doubts about vaccination are still major concern. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in 2022 was reported by 20.9% [2]. If this condition is not controled properly, it will have an impact on reducing the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccination program [3]. The previous studies have found that perceived risk, low trust in HCP and vaccine safety are the underlying factors of vaccine hesitancy [4]. So this review will be presented based on the Strategic Advisory Group of Expert (SAGE) Working Group Model for vaccine hesitancy included studies which explored aspects that influence of issues related to vaccine/vaccination. Aim: To identify aspects related to vaccine/vaccination issues that affecting COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the general population including the vaccine effectiveness, design of vaccination program, and role of healthcare professional (HCP). This is essential to make the vaccination program working effectively. Method: A narrative review was conducted for this study. A search of free-full text English-language articles published from 2020 until 2022 in the electronic database Pubmed, PlosOne, and Sciencedirect were searched on November 2022. The key search term were COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy, Vaccine Effectiveness, Design of Vaccination Program, and Role of Healthcare Professional. Results: A total twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. The majority studies were conducted primarily from Asia (n = 7). All of the studies used cross-sectional design to explore determinant of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. The most frequently factors affecting COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy are vaccine effectiveness and role of healthcare professional (HCP). This study found that concern over vaccine effectiveness had higher odds of being vaccine hesitant [5]. In addition, those who had low confidence in the healthcare system significantly had higer hesitant towards COVID-19 vaccination [6]. Healthcare professionals remain one of the most trusted by general population to give them advise and provide information about COVID-19 vaccination. While design of vaccination is not a direct factors affecting vaccine hesitancy but this factor is closely related to vaccine effectiveness, safety concern, and vaccine side effect. Conclusions: There are mul