Spatial-temporal of Iraqi coastline changes utilizing remote sensing

Assessment of human-ecosystem interactions in coastal environments is carried out by monitoring the change in the coastal line. In this study, we give an analysis of shoreline alterations along the Iraqi coast over the last five decades, during the period from (1973 to 2021), data series of Landsat (MSS, TM, ETM+, and OLI) were used and incorporated into GIS (Geographical Information System) for executing a temporal-spatial analysis for alterations in the coastline by applying (DSAS 5.1) Digital Shoreline Analysis System approach. Linear regression rate and endpoint rate quantified the high accretion at rates of more than 50 m /year also the net shoreline movement analysis identified about 2500 m toward the sea. The findings of this paper demonstrate an understanding of shoreline evolution and the ability to forecast future variations to support decision-makers in developing long-term management to safeguard our marine environment.