Biopolymers based-dispersive solid phase extraction combined with deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the extraction of several pesticides from fruit juices prior to GC-FID analysis

A new analytical method based on a combination of dispersive solid phase extraction with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction was developed for the extraction of several pesticides (diazinon, prometryn, haloxyfop methyl, hexaconazole, and fenpropathrin) in fruit juice samples. For this purpose, firstly, the pesticides were extracted by a mixture of bio-sorbents (chitosan: agarose: cellulose with a weight ratio of 4:1:1) from fruit juices and in the following they were more concentrated by a deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction procedure. The effective parameters influencing both steps were investigated and optimized through a “one-factor-at-a-time” approach. Based on the figures of merit evaluated for the developed method, calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.70–4000 ng mL −1 . Limits of detection and quantification were in the ranges of 0.09–0.21 and 0.30–0.70 ng mL −1 , respectively. The precision of the developed method was evaluated by performing the method on six aqueous standard solutions (10 ng mL −1 of each pesticide) in a same day and various days. The obtained relative standard deviations for intra- and inter-day precisions were in the ranges of 2.9–5.9% and 5.2–6.3%, respectively. The developed method was successfully employed for multi-residue determination of pesticides in some fruit samples. The relative recoveries were from 88 to 101%.