Optimization of Sensors for Structure Damage Detection Using Deep Learning Approach

Structural health monitoring (SHM) based on long-term safety and efficacy has attracted much attention. The success of SHM methods depends on the information content of the measurements; in addition, there are challenges in processing SHM in terms of the optimal number and location of sensors. In this study, we provide a convenient method for structural damage detection using vibration data from plane steel frames. We apply one-dimensional convolutional neural networks (1D-CNN) to present an influential sensor selection analysis to maintain performance and optimize the number and location of sensors. Finding the damage location based on the optimal number and location of sensors will significantly reduce the detection time and the number of installed sensors. The proposed structural damage detection method uses stress analysis to find positions with large displacements, then divides the detection zones, selects highly discriminate sensors, analyzes the influence of sensor combinations within each zone to achieve optimization of sensor number as well as position selection, and establishes CNN models of the overall structure for damage detection of the joints. The proposed method was practically validated on benchmark data from the Qatar University Grandstand Simulator (QUGS). The experimental results show that the sensor demand rate is only 16.67% compared to the previous optimal number and location of sensors with no restrictions on the mounting position. Moreover, only four CNN models are required to predict damage/undamaged for the entire structure (30 connections). The accuracy of damage detection is improved to 96.62% using sensor combinations with influence.