Designing a closed-loop green outsourced maintenance supply chain network for advanced manufacturing systems with redundancy strategy and eco-friendly parts

This paper presents a framework for designing a closed-loop green supply chain network (CLGSCN) that incorporates a redundancy strategy for maximum reliability and eco-friendliness. The network consists of production centers, repairs, and spare parts, with maintenance outsourced to ensure that spare parts circulate within the network for as long as possible. The proposed multi-objective mixed-integer program considers environmental considerations, service costs, routing decisions, cycle times, and assignments, with active and cold standby strategies for maximum reliability. A hybrid heuristics algorithm and multi-choice meta-goal programming with utility function are applied to solve the multi-objective model. The case study demonstrates the applicability of the model in real-world scenarios, offering valuable insights for optimized spare-part supply for maintenance and delivery. Sensitivity analyses show that the objectives are highly sensitive to the parameters, including the failure rate, demand, and reliability of the components, and results show an approximate decrease of 15.3% in the total cost and an increase of 2.83% in eco-friendly parts and finally increase of 11.25% in reliability with active standby strategy. Overall, this paper contributes to the field of supply chain management for advanced manufacturing systems both theoretically and practically, with potential benefits for businesses and society.