Bio-physical investigation of calcium silicate biomaterials by green synthesis- osseous tissue regeneration

CaSiO 3 wollastonite biomaterials were synthesized by hydrothermal approach in three different weight percentages of SiO 2 and CaO (CA—25:75, CB—50:50, and CC—75:25) extracted from silica sand and limestone. In vitro biological testing revealed the materials bioactivity in SBF and their antibacterial efficacy against Streptococcus aureus and Escherichia coli . By direct contact with the L929 mouse fibroblast cell line, the cell viability against synthesized biomaterials was examined. These bio-properties were interlinked with the degradation rate of biomaterials in biofluid, which was observed under Tris–Hcl immersion. The regulated degradation of synthesized biomaterial simultaneously constrained the alkaline pH shift, which is beneficial for bioactivation and biocompatibility. It attained a compressive strength of 73 MPa without failure, which is equivalent to or higher than conventional bioglass and suitable for load-bearing sites. The synthesized biomaterials acquire excellent bioactivity, biocompatibility, and mechanical stability through controlled degradation versus bone apatite formation in a balanced manner, supported by porously fused structure. Graphical abstract