An Archimedes metaheuristic algorithm based optimum relay coordination in microgrid and combined overhead/cable distribution network

The issue of power system protection remains a crucial aspect for power engineers. One of the important protection devices in distribution networks is the overcurrent relay, which requires constant attention to ensure its performance is optimized. This paper applied very first time the Archimedes principle-based Archimedes optimization algorithm (AOA) on an optimal overcurrent relay coordination problem from the power system protection area. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on two unique case studies, the IEC microgrid benchmark and a combination of overhead/underground cable systems, to verify its efficiency. The uniqueness of these case studies is that in microgrids due to the incorporation of wind turbines bidirectional current flows whereas in overhead/underground system magnitude of current will be different in the various part of the network. Because of this impact of current in both networks, the relay coordination job becomes challenging. The results demonstrate that the proposed AOA technique outperforms other existing algorithms, such as Particle Swarm Optimization, Water Cycle Algorithm (WCA), Whale Optimization Algorithm, Crow Search Algorithm, and Evaporation Rate WCA, in terms of computational efforts and performance. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm effectively minimizes the total operating time for both networks without violating any constraints. The study confirms that the proposed algorithm provides an efficient solution for the overcurrent relay coordination problem, which can be beneficial for power system protection. The Archimedes principle-based Archimedes optimization algorithm is demonstrated to be a promising optimization tool that can effectively solve similar optimization problems in the future.