Plasma propulsion modeling with particle-based algorithms

This Perspective paper deals with an overview of particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision models applied to different plasma-propulsion configurations and scenarios, from electrostatic ( E × B and pulsed arc) devices to electromagnetic (RF inductive, helicon, electron cyclotron resonance) thrusters, as well as plasma plumes and their interaction with the satellite. The most important items related to the modeling of plasma–wall interaction are also presented. Finally, the paper reports new progress in the particle-in-cell computational methodology, in particular, regarding accelerating computational techniques for multi-dimensional simulations and plasma chemistry Monte Carlo modules for molecular and alternative propellants.