Effect of Film Formation Processes of NiOx Mesoporous Layer on Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells with Carbon Electrodes

Carbon-based perovskite solar cells（C-PSCs） play an important role in industrialization research due to their stability and low cost. In this work, high-quality NiOx mesoporous layer was selected as a hole transport layer（HTL） based on MAPb I3 material to enhance the performance of C-PSCs. The effect of preparation methods of the NiOx mesoporous layer on the solar cell performance and the optimum thickness of the NiOx mesoporous layer were investigated. It was found that mesoporous layers prepared by screen-printing process with well-distributed pores facilitated the filling of perovskite（PVK） precursor solution in the underlayer mesoporous scaffold. Finally, an HTL-contained perovskite solar cell with high efficiency and almost negligible hysteresis was achieved, possessing an open-circuit voltage（VOC） of 910 m V, a power conversion efficiency（PCE） of 14.63%, and certified efficiency reached 14.88%. Moreover, PCE of the solar cell displayed outstanding stability after being stored in air for nearly 900 h.