Dispersion of radionuclides and heavy metals from phosphogypsum stacks in soil and plants at Northwestern Greece

Phosphogypsum is classified into naturally occurring radioactive materials containing radionuclides such as 238 U, 226 Ra and 232 Th, and heavy metals which are dispersed in different form and concentrations and can be dangerous for humans. Determination of the concentration of radionuclides in soils and plants near a phosphate fertilizer production unit and phosphogypsum stacks was carried out by γ- and α-spectroscopy while trace elements were determined by Neutron Activation Analysis and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Transfer and enrichment factors were estimated as well as radiation risks and the results led to the conclusion that the radiation hazard in the investigated region was below than the recommended level.