RADIATION PHENOMENA: SOME NATURAL SOURCES, MECHANISMS OF EFFECTS, WAYS OF BIOLOGICAL ORGANISMS PROTECTION AND REHABILITATION

Radiation is an important and dangerous factor in contemporary reality in some regions of industrial countries, after technological accidents at nuclear objects, chemical enterprises, etc. This is also the reality of some contemporary military activities and armed conflicts. Radiation damages of organisms can arise also due to the natural reasons - aviation or space flights at high altitudes or even long stay on mountain heights. Natural reasons of such effects have been studied insufficiently for today. Purpose. To outline briefly some results of studies of the characteristics of ionizing radiation at different heights above the Earth. To describe briefly the influence of radiation factors on biological organisms and main mechanisms of these effects. To describe effects that cause pathological changes in organisms of people exposed to the low doses of radiation for a long time and methods of post-radiation rehabilitation of affected people in highlands conditions. Methods. Space satellite exploring of the Earth atmosphere at different altitudes above sea level with measurements of different characteristics of solar and galactic radiation (mainly X-ray, gamma radiation, as well as other types of ionizing radiation in some other ranges). Comparative analysis of the results of long-term observation of patients in hospital conditions using many standard laboratory methods of their states examinations. The conducted scientific research consisted of a complex of methodological techniques and approaches: clinical and physiological studies of respiratory and cardiovascular systems, hematological and immunological states, and functional state of higher nervous activity, mental and neurotic state; administration of antihypoxants, histochemical, biophysical and other methods were used to evaluate oxybiotic processes. Mathematical processing of the results, as well as methods of mathematical modeling were applied. Results. The results of the measurements of ionizing radiation levels during the satellite exploring of the Earth atmosphere at different altitudes were analyzed and presented in schemes. The mechanisms of damaging radiation effects in organisms at nano level were described: water radiolysis, "oxygen effect" as radio sensitizer, formation of various types of free radicals and peroxides with future consequences for organic compounds, cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. The results of medical treatment and rehabilitation at the EMBS of the persons irradiat