Environments of Mukadiya and Bai Hassan formations depending on lithofacies and sedimentary structures in Zurbatiya area East of Iraq

The present study has carried out for Mukdadiya and Bai Hassan formations (Pliocene) at Zurbatiya area east of Iraq. Thickness of Mukdadiya Formation ranging between 1 to 70m in the study area. Mukdadiya Formation was divided into five finning-upward cycles depending on detailed field observations. Mukdadiya Formation consisting of sedimentary structures like imbrication and trace fossils. The lithofacies were observed in Mukdadiya Formation are mudstone, sandstone and conglomerate lithofacies. The environment of the lower part of the Mukdadiya Formation considers as Meandering rivers environments while the lower part of the Mukdadiya Formation represents a braided rivers environment. Thickness of Bai Hassan Formation about 20m in the study area Bai Hassan Formation composed from one coarsening-upward cycle. The lithofacies were observed in Bai Hassan Formation are mudstone and conglomerate lithofacies. Bai Hassan Formation without sedimentary structures in this section because of rapid deposition. The environment of lower part of Bai Hassan Formation is meandering rivers while the upper part is alluvial fan. As well as determine the origin and ratio of the sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks.