Effect of solar proton events on the electron density of the ionosphere for different altitudes

This research aims to investigate the effect of the solar cosmic ray solar proton event (SPE) on the electron density for different layers of the ionosphere and plasma at magnetopause through the parameters, solar wind speed and density, Bz, IMF, Dst, kp index from OMNI and Rate of Cosmic Ray Intensity (RCRI) from OULU station. SPE is classified by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the SPE flux from the GOES satellite. The data for this research are covered years (2009-2017) during solar cycle 24, in which only five SPE events were selected (6 January, 7 January, 20, 25, and 27 February 2014). International Reference Ionosphere (IRI 2016) has been used to get the electron density at ionospheric nine altitudes (65, 90,100, 125, 200, 300, 400, 500, 2000 km). The results show no effect at heights (65, 90, 100, and 125 km) because of the many corrections on the IRI model to correlate with the observations for low altitudes. While the altitude is at 200 km, there are three scenarios revealed during the study that the electron density can increase, decrease, or not change depending on the proton flux. At heights (300, 400, 500, and 2000 km), the results represent two cases if there are geomagnetic storms, the electron density increases, while for no geomagnetic storms, there is a decrease in electron density due to the flare domain In this research, we recommend activating cosmic ray measurement devices in the mid-latitude regions so that we can conduct research in areas related to Iraq. 2-Reducing the percentage of corrections in the global model IRI-16 for the purpose of clearly showing the effect of cosmic rays on low altitudes 65-200 km.