PAB(T9-9) Relationship between ABO blood group distribution and clinical characteristics in Covid-19 patients

Background and objectives: Since the onset of Covid-19, scientists have been studying the risk and susceptibility factors for developing this disease. Among these factors, LANDSTEINER's ABO blood types were also considered to be biological elements that could determine the susceptibility of a patient with Covid-19 to present a number of symptoms and/or a severe form of Covid-19. The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between the blood type (ABO) and the clinical and epidemiological characteristics in Covid-19 patients. Methods: A total of 786 patients were included in this retrospective case-control study, seen in an outpatient consultation at the Covid-19 service level. Patient data from the four blood groups A, B, O, and AB were collected and clinical and epidemiological characteristics were studied and analyzed. Results: The average age of the population studied is 45.58 years with a predominance of women (52.9%) compared to men (47.1%). Results of this study show that the distribution of different blood groups is the majority for the groups O and A with the prevalences of 42.2% 31.5% respectively, while the groups B and AB show only 18.8% and 7.5% respectively. Overall, the majority of patients with diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and chronic respiratory disease present the Group O. In addition, analysis of the presentability of clinical signs and the specific symptoms of Covid-19 shows that the prevalence of certain clinical signs such as fever, myalgia, asthenia, dyspnea, anosmia and agueusia were significantly elevated in patients with O and A blood types. Conclusions: Covid-19 patients with the O and A blood types are at higher risk of presenting a severe clinical and prognostic picture related to Covid-19 compared to patients with the other blood types (B and AB).