Phytochemical Screening of Local Lombok Island Moringa Oleifera Leaf Powder as Diabetes Therapy Through IRS-1- Expression Regulation

Background and objectives: Moringa (Moringa oleifera) is a plant that can grow regardless of the season, so it is easy to obtain, relatively inexpensive, and can thrive in almost all parts of Indonesia, including Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara province. Moringa oleifera leaves are sources of polyphenolic compounds such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, that can function as antidiabetics. This study aims to identify the chemical compounds contained in Moringa oleifera from Lombok Island and predict its role as a therapy for diabetes mellitus. Methods: Phytochemical screening was conducted using the predict spectrophotometric method, while the amino acid analysis was done using the UPLC method. In silico was performed to predict the compound contents in Moringa oleifera and to describe its role in certain biological processes. Results: Analysis of Pa (probability "to be active") using the Pass Server approach predicted that Moringa oleifera could be used for diabetes treatment (Pa values of 0.387 and 0.446), since it has significant role as anti-inflammatory (Pa value of 0.707) and antioxidant (Pa value of 0.839). Analysis by using the STITCH program showed that quercetin is one of the flavonoids found in Moringa leaves that effect the expression regulation of IRS-1. The phytochemical screening results show that Moringa oleifera leaf powder from Lombok Island contained polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and quercetin, in where polyphenols is the most compound contained (864.09 mgGAE/100 g). Of 15 kinds of amino acids in Moringa oleifera powder, the highest number of amino acids is L-Glutamic Acid (22012.14 mg/kg). Conclusions: Moringa oleifera leaf powder from Lombok Island contains polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins ,quercetin, and amino acids. Quercetin is predicted to have the ability as a diabetes therapy by regulating the expression of IRS-1.