Data dissemination protocol for VANETs to optimize the routing path using hybrid particle swarm optimization with sequential variable neighbourhood search

A vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) is a form of Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) which employs wireless routers that are inside every vehicle to operate as a node. The process of data dissemination is used to improve the quality of travel to avoid unnecessary accidents in VANET. Many legacy protocols use this type of messaging activity to ensure fair road safety without concern for network congestion. Node congestion increases with control of routing overhead packets. Therefore, this paper proposes a Data Dissemination Protocol (DDP). VANET routing protocols can be divided into two categories: topology-based routing protocols and location-based routing protocols. The goal is to relay emergency signals to stationary nodes as soon as possible. The standard messages will be routed to the FIFO queue. Multiple routes were found using the Time delay-based Multipath Routing (TMR) approach to transmit these messages to a destination node, and Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) is utilized to find the optimal and secure path. Sequential Variable Neighborhood Search (SVNS) algorithm is applied in order to optimize the particles’ position with Local Best particle and Global Best particle (LBGB). The proposed method PSO-SVNS-LBGB is compared with different methods such as PSO-SVNS-GB, PSO-SVNS-LB, PSO-SVNS-CLB, PSO-SVNS-CGB. The experimental results show significant improvements in throughput and packet loss ratio, reduced end-to-end delay, rounding overhead ratio, and energy consumption. The simulation environment was conducted in NS2.34 is preferred for network simulation, and the VANET simulator used is SUMO and MOVE software. With a 98.41 ms delay and an average speed of 60 km/h, the PSO-SVNS-LBGB approach is suggested.