Low-Altitude UAV Air-to-Ground Multilink Channel Modeling and Analysis at 2.4 and 5.9 GHz

Air-to-ground (A2G) communication is a fundamental technology for integration of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in the intelligent transportation system (ITS), where accurate analysis and modeling of UAV A2G wireless channel are of great importance for communication algorithm development. In this letter, we present a comprehensive analysis and modeling of low-altitude UAV A2G channel at 2.4 and 5.9 GHz based on multilink channel measurement campaign. The value of path loss as a function of the elevation angle and distance is proposed. Further, the shadow fading is analyzed for different frequency bands and the spatial correlation is evaluated. Particularly, it is found that the influence of UAV altitude on shadowing is significant and should be considered when developing A2G communication system.