Comparative investigation of structural, photoluminescence, and magnetic characteristics of MxSn1−xOy nanocomposites

The structural parameters, photoluminescence (PL), and magnetic characteristics of M x Sn 1− x O y (M/SnO 2 ) nanocomposites, synthesized by the hydrothermal method, where x = 0.0, 0.5, and M present non-magnetic metals (Cu, Al) and magnetic metals (Fe, Ni, Mn) were studied. The crystallite size and porosity of SnO 2 were reduced by mixing with Cu, Al, Fe, or Ni, meanwhile, increased by integrating with Mn. The residual stress of SnO 2 was increased 5-fold by Mn doping. The energy dispersive X-ray analysis revealed that Al is the lowest ion for full acceptor incorporation into the SnO 2 lattice, while the other doped metal ions show better incorporation. SnO 2 doping has a significant impact on the particle morphologies of M x Sn 1− x O y nanocomposites. The Debye temperature ( θ D ) and Young’s modulus ( Y ) were estimated from the FTIR spectra. The value of θ D is 633.86 K for SnO 2 nanoparticles and increased to 694.68 K for Mn/SnO 2 , while it decreased to 608.27 K for Fe/SnO 2 . The value of Y was increased from 518.30 GPa for SnO 2 to 864.41 GPa for Cu/SnO 2 nanocomposite. The PL intensity of SnO 2 was decreased by Cu, Fe, Ni, and Mn doping, whereas it was increased by Al doping. The blueshift was observed for Al/SnO 2 and Mn/SnO 2 , whereas it is a slight ultraviolet shift for Cu/SnO 2 , Fe/SnO 2 , and Ni/SnO 2 nanocomposites. SnO 2 nanoparticle and Al/SnO 2 nanocomposite exhibit weak ferromagnetic behavior by increasing the magnetic field ( H ) up to 4 kG, while with further increase in H , the samples exhibit diamagnetic behavior. In contrast, the Fe/SnO 2 , Ni/SnO 2 , and Mn/SnO 2 nanocomposites show a paramagnetic trend, while the Cu/SnO 2 nanocomposites exhibit a diamagnetic trend in the magnetic field range of 0–20 kG. The saturated magnetization and magnetic moment are enhanced for all M x Sn 1− x O y nanocomposites, whereas the corrective field and magnetic anisotropy are decreased compared to SnO 2 nanoparticles. The findings recommended SnO 2 and Al/SnO 2 composites for spintronic devices and cathode–luminescence displays, Fe/SnO 2 , Ni/SnO 2 , and Mn/SnO 2 nanocomposites for magnetic imaging, and Cu/SnO 2 composites for catalytic and plastic deformation applications.