Effects of dietary fatty acids on high-density lipoprotein proteomic profile and quality

Background and objectives: High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are circulating particles that carry out cholesterol efflux and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions which are determined by HDL composition. However, HDLs have been described to turn into pro-inflammatory and non-functional particles in pathological conditions, and different studies suggest that lifestyle factors, such as diet, could also alter HDL functionality. The aim of this study was to report the influence of the intake of dietary fatty acids from different sources on HDL proteome and functionality. Methods: Forty subjects were allocated in two groups: normal-weight and metabolic syndrome. Anthropometric data and blood were collected after 12 h of fasting. Additionally, five healthy volunteers were recruited for an interventional study with different dietary fatty acids. Four different times, the volunteers were cited and asked to take a fat-rich (poly-unsaturated, mono-unsaturated, or saturated fatty acids) or no-fat emulsion. At Baseline, 2.5 h and 5 h after they took the emulsion, blood was collected. Blood was centrifuged and serum and plasma were stored at -20 °C until analysis. Biochemistry measures were conducted by enzymatic method. HDLs were purified and HDL proteome was analysed by the Orbitrap Fusion high-resolution mass spectrophotometer fronted with a NanoESi ion source and HDL quality was assessed by enzymatic methods. Results: Participants with metabolic syndrome had significantly higher BMI, waist circumference, percent body fat, and abdominal fat relative to normal-weight participants. Biochemical measures showed higher triglycerides, fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in metabolic syndrome patients. The HDL proteomic profile and functionality were significantly different between the two groups. The proteomic profile of the four postprandial curves anticipates that HDL proteome and functionality content could be modulated by postprandial hyperlipidemia. Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome remodels the HDL proteomic and quality profile. Whereas, postprandial hyperlipidemia-associated HDL proteomic profile could help to understand the functional role of HDLs influenced by diet. In addition, our study could help to establish nutritional interventions to adjust the HDL proteomic profile based on a designed lipid intake, in order to assess HDL functionality improvements.