Effect of phosphatidylserine on cognitive function in the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background and objectives: Phosphatidylserine (PS), a vital component of the cerebral cortex, is involved in cognitive function. This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of PS on cognitive function in the elderly. Methods: The literature was searched in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Web of Science, using "Phosphatidylserine" as a keyword. The present study was conducted only in literature that is a clinical study regarding humans, elderly participants, an indication of PS content, and oral administration. We screened literature by identifying the title, abstract, and full text. Selected works of literature were assessed for bias risk and quality of evidence. Randomized controlled trials were analyzed for meta-analysis. All procedures are independently carried out by two researchers. Results: Nine articles meeting the inclusion criteria included 5 randomized controlled trials and 4 pre-post studies. The total number of participants included was 961. The dosage of PS supplementation varied from 100-300 mg/day, and the intervention period ranged from 6 weeks to 6 months. As for the risk of bias, 4 articles were rated 'some concerns', while the rest were examined to 'low'. The meta-analysis showed that PS supplementation enhanced cognitive function on memory but did not affect performing daily living activities. Conclusions: In conclusion, PS supplementation improves cognitive function, especially within the memory domain, without side effects.