Optimization Solutions for Solving Travelling Salesman Problem in Graph Theory using African Buffalo Mechanism

The African Buffalo Optimization (ABO), a metaheuristic optimization algorithm created from thorough study of African buffalos, a species of African cows, in African woods and savannahs, is suggested in this study. In its pursuit for food across the African continent, this animal demonstrates unusual intelligence, sophisticated organising capabilities, and remarkable navigational acumen. The African Buffalo Optimization creates a mathematical model based on this animal's behaviour and uses it to tackle several benchmark symmetrical Travel Salesman's Problem and six tough asymmetric Travelling Salesman Problem Library (TSPLIB) instances. Buffalos can ensure the effective exploitation and exploration of the problem space by frequent contact, teamwork, and a sharp mind of previous record discoveries, as well as tapping into the breed's collective exploits, according to this study. The results produced by solving these TSP problems using the ABO were compared to those obtained by utilizing other prominent methods. The results indicate that ABO gently outperformed than Lin-Kernighan and HBMO optimising solutions to the ATSP cases under investigative process, with a slightly higher accuracy of 99.5% compared to 87% for Lin-Kernighan and 80% for HBMO. The African Buffalo Optimization algorithm produces very competitive outcomes.