A new methodology using borehole data to measure angular distances between geological interfaces

The study presents a new triangulation-based workflow to assess the degree of parallelism between geological surfaces. This workflow consists of producing and analyzing angular distance distributions as well as conducting spatial analysis using grid maps applicable for subsurface environments with sparse data. We tested our approach using a set of interfaces from Kraków-Silesian Homocline, a geological unit with preferred subhorizontal dip to NE. The pairs of interfaces for angular distance measurements can be divided into two groups: i) separating only Jurassic homocline-related units and ii) separating Jurassic homocline-related units from homocline-unrelated units. To observe potential differences for these two groups, we used bootstrap methods and estimated confidence intervals for summary statistics. In our case, the mean of angular distances turned out to be in general smaller for the pair separating only homocline-related Jurassic sediments. The results also show that the method can be more sensitive to the identification of small-scale structures which are developed only in some of the analyzed surfaces. We provided open-source and freely available computer code to allow reproducibility of the results.