Design and implementation of a LoRa-based system for warning of forest fire

INTRODUCTION Forests are extremely important in the lives of organisms on earth because of the many benefits they provide, such as keeping the air clean by absorbing carbon dioxide, providing oxygen, preventing soil erosion, reducing wind force and water flow rate, and so on. [...]it is extremely difficult to maneuver in time to deal with the fire [2], [3]. The ESP32-CAM is the main control board for the gateway and sensor node. Since an Internet connection is required to upload data into the database, a Wi-Fi transceiver function onboard can be used to send data efficiently. The gateway will read the wind speed value from the sensor after collecting data from all nodes in the network, then pack and upload all of the data to the cloud database. [...]the recorded wind speed value