Microwave-Based Dielectric Properties as an Electrophysiological Biomarker: Future Perspectives

Electrophysiology is the study of the electrical properties of biological tissues, which involves the movement of ions across cell membranes. The analysis of the movement of electrical charges through the body has a wide range of biomedical applications, such as diagnosing and planning treatment in cardiovascular, nervous systems, muscular, and gastrointestinal disorders. The dielectric properties of biological tissues change according to the water content in the tissue and are measured as permittivity and conductivity relative to the frequency of the electrical field. This principle has been applied in diagnostics and therapeutics using microwave energysuch as imaging and ablation, etc. This review article summarizes the potential use of measuring dielectric properties using microwave imaging and how it can augment electrophysiological studies in medicine.