Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach to Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome and Similar Condition

— Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) can occur in kids, who have severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Clinically, characteristics of MIS-C are manifested by two or more involved organ systems, fever, severe illness, laboratory-evidenced inflammation, and laboratory or epidemiologically evidenced infection with SARS-CoV-2. MIS-C has several traits with Kawasaki illness, subsequent hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome, and toxic shock syndrome. The association between MIS-C and infection with SARS-CoV-2 shows the cause of post-infectious immunological dysregulation. Given the likelihood of rapid clinical deterioration, it is recommended to handle MIS-C patients in a pediatric critical care unit. Depending on the clinical presentation, a certain immunomodulatory therapy is advised. More research is needed to determine the connection between MIS-C and the immunological reaction to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines that are currently being developed. Numerous therapeutic methods have been developed for the treatment of COVID-19-associated MIS in children (MIS-C), the full elucidation of its etiology requires further studies. Here, we carefully review and summarize the previously released management guidance.