A Comprehensive Survey on the Cooperation of Fog Computing Paradigm-based IoT Applications: Layered Architecture, Real-Time Security Issues, and Solutions

The Internet of Things (IoT) permits billions of objects to communicate with each other. With the rapid growth of its applications, it faces various challenges such as high latency, low processing and storage capacity, and network failure. For this purpose, the fog computing paradigm is associated with IoT to bring the cloud computing paradigm closer to the IoT devices. Thus, it extends the computing, storage, and networking facilities of the cloud computing paradigm toward the edge of the network. However, the fog-based IoT network processes data and stores it locally at IoT devices rather than sending it to the cloud. Further, it also provides a faster response as compared to the cloud. Unfortunately, the characteristics of fog-based IoT networks arise traditional real-time security challenges, which may increase severe concern to the end-users. However, this paper aims to focus on fog-based IoT communication, targeting real-time security challenges. In this paper, we review the layered architecture of fog-based IoT networks along working of IoT applications under the fog computing paradigm. Furthermore, we demonstrate real-time security challenges as well as review the existing possible solutions used to address the real-time security challenges. In the end, the research challenges are discussed along with the future research directions in the fog-based IoT networks that should be addressed by the research community.