Review on energy conservation and congestion mechanism in mobile WSN: taxonomy, software programs, challenges, and future trends

The Mobile Wireless Sensor Network (MWSN) is a new technology that has a variety of applications, such as traffic monitoring, wildlife monitoring, military surveillance, and so on. It enables sensor nodes to move freely and communicate with one another without the need for a fixed infrastructure. Energy conservation is one of the major concerns in mobile WSN because of the high packet delivery ratio, high computing power, short battery life, low throughput, high packet dropping ratio, high routing packet overhead, and high energy consumption. Congestion is also a serious issue for communication networks. It faces difficulties due to node buffer overflow, packet collision, transmission channel contention, a transmission channel with dynamic time variation, and transmission rate. Therefore, this review analyzes energy conservation and congestion control techniques in mobile WSN based on various categories. Initially, the energy conservation-based techniques are classified based on their network structure, clustering, and routing techniques, whereas the congestion control techniques are classified as queue-based, supervised learning-based, resource-based, and priority-based techniques. The nature of these techniques and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Furthermore, the software tools and evaluation metrics used in the existing techniques are also identified. Finally, the open challenges that need to be considered in future work are discussed.