What's next for the human microbiome?

[...]the sugars in breast milk that infants cannot digest nourish babies' developing microbiomes2, which in turn shape their immune systems3. [...]I think that interventions that could help to treat conditions such as diabetes, cancer and autoimmune diseases will be discovered only if we move beyond species catalogues and begin to understand the complex and mutable ecological and evolutionary relationships that microbes have with each other and with their hosts. Evolutionary biologists have argued for decades that human microbiome research would benefit from the evolutionary understanding provided by symbiosis research14. Microbiome researchers have not yet broadly embraced qualitycontrol practices for their data in a way that would make results more reproducible, and that would facilitate the analysis and interpretation of data across multiple studies.