THE PRODUCTION OF HIGHLY POROUS ACTIVATED CARBON (AC) FROM BIOWASTE AND ITS APPLICATION TO DYE ADSORPTION FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS: A REVIEW

Adsorption, one of the most cutting-edge techniques for treating wastewater, is usually chosen because of its many positive attributes, including ease of use and environmental friendliness. High surface areas of the adsorbents are crucial for their efficiency. Since ancient times, activated carbon (AC) has been one of the most significant porous materials. One of the most common sources of AC synthesis is plant waste, which is frequently chosen for the production of AC due to a variety of benefits, including low environmental costs. At the same time, recycling industrial waste through a variety of methods is crucial for maintaining a sustainable raw material supply and protecting the environment. This review is based on studies of the production of AC from biowastes and their application in dye removal. The raw material is one of the main elements that affect how AC features are formed. The properties of AC and the effects of factors affecting carbonisation and activation such as feedstock type, temperature, activator and reaction time were studied. Physical-chemical, micro- and nanostructural, and adsorption capacity features are described. It is feasible to resolve ecological threats like waste utilization and avoidance of water contamination by converting industrial wastes into AC.