Evolution and new application of the alumina ceramics in joint replacement

Alumina and zirconia are the structural ceramics used in orthopedics. Alumina offers better tribological characteristics and high chemical–physical stability, but poor toughness. For this reason it is not used for complex shape and thin ceramic components. On the opposite, zirconia is tougher and less stable. A new alumina matrix composite material, called Biolox®Delta (CeramTec AG, Plochingen, Germany), has been obtained in order to mix and enhance positive characteristics of both materials.