Cactus height increases the modularity of a plant–frugivore network in the Caatinga dry forest
Cacti fruits are key resources to many frugivorous animals in Neotropical arid and semiarid regions. However, most studies have focused on a particular animal group or cacti species, but few have explored the overall interactions of such species at the community level. Here we monitored frugivory on...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Biotropica 2023-07, Vol.55 (4), p.877-887 |
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Zusammenfassung: | Cacti fruits are key resources to many frugivorous animals in Neotropical arid and semiarid regions. However, most studies have focused on a particular animal group or cacti species, but few have explored the overall interactions of such species at the community level. Here we monitored frugivory on five cacti species using camera traps that sampled diurnal and nocturnal interactions. We investigated the structure of interactions with bird, mammal, and reptile frugivores in the Brazilian Caatinga dry forest. We hypothesized that the height of cacti limit interactions with different types of frugivores, which would result in highly structured and modular interaction networks. In 2929 camera‐days, we recorded 23 vertebrate species feeding on cacti fruits, including seven new records, all determined to be primary seed dispersers. As predicted, the cacti‐frugivore network was modular and non‐nested, with the two shortest cacti species grouped in a module dominated by interactions with reptiles and non‐flying mammals. The tallest cacti species were dominated by frugivory interactions with birds and had comparatively less interaction diversity than shorter cacti species. Our results support the contention that cacti are keystone species in semiarid ecosystems where they produce small‐seeded fleshy fruits year‐round.
Resumo
Os frutos de cactos são recursos‐chave para muitos animais frugívoros em regiões áridas e semiáridas neotropicais. No entanto, a maioria dos estudos tem se concentrado em um grupo animal específico ou em espécies particulares de cactos, mas poucos exploraram as interações gerais dessas espécies em nível de comunidade. Aqui monitoramos a frugivoria em cinco espécies de cactos usando armadilhas fotográficas que registraram interações diurnas e noturnas. Investigamos a estrutura das interações com aves, mamíferos e répteis frugívoros na Caatinga, floresta seca brasileira. Hipotetizamos que a altura dos cactos limita as interações com diferentes tipos de frugívoros, resultando em redes de interação altamente estruturadas e modulares. Em 2.929 câmera‐dias, registramos 23 espécies de vertebrados se alimentando de frutos de cactos, incluindo sete novos registros, todos considerados dispersores primários de sementes. Conforme previsto, a rede de interação entre cactos e frugívoros foi modular e não‐aninhada, com as duas espécies de cactos mais baixas agrupadas em um módulo dominado por interações com répteis e mamíferos terrestres. As espécies de cact |
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ISSN: | 0006-3606 1744-7429 |
DOI: | 10.1111/btp.13239 |