Thromboprophylaxis Challenge after Pancreas Transplantation: A Literature Review

SPK transplantation improves the patients' quality of life and decreases morbidities and mortality associated with diabetes and secondary complications [2, 3]. A recent systematic review reported a graft loss rate of 83.3% in pancreas transplant recipients who experience graft thrombosis [10]. Several risk factors have been associated with increased risk of pancreas allograft thrombosis in different studies, including donor and recipient age, donor and recipient obesity (body mass index (BMI) of more than 30 kg/m2), baseline hypercoagulability state, nontraumatic especially cardio-cerebrovascular causes of donor death, cold ischemic time and preservation time of more than 12-24 hours, hypotension and vasopressor use during transplantation, and post-reperfusion pancreatitis [4, 10]. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature review of the medical databases, including MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar, was performed up to April 2021 using the keywords ("pancreas transplantation" or "pancreatic transplantation" or "pancreas after kidney" or "pancreas transplant alone" or "solitary pancreas transplant" or "simultaneous pancreas kidney" or "simultaneous kidney pancreas" or" simultaneous kidney and pancreas" or "simultaneous pancreas and kidney" or "kidney and pancreas" or "pancreas and kidney" or "kidney pancreas" or "pancreas kidney" or "primary combined pancreas and kidney" or "pancreas-kidney" or "kidneypancreas" or SPK) AND ("thrombosis" or "anticoagulant" or "antiplatelet" or "heparin" or "enoxaparin" or "low molecular weight heparin" or "aspirin").