The Role of Stem Cell on Orthodontic Tooth Movement Induced-Alveolar Bone Remodeling

Alveolar bone tissue constantly undergoes remodeling through new bone formation and bone resorption. Osteoclasts originated from hematopoietic precursor cells and monocytes/macrophage lineage. In particular it will differentiate into mononuclear preosteoclasts and will merge into multinucleated osteoclast. Osteoblasts originated from undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells. Osteoprogenitor cells evolved into preosteoblasts, and then into osteoblasts and osteocytes latter, which has the capability of bone mineralization and calcification. Orthodontic mechanical force responded directly by MSC to perform self-renewal and osteogenic differentiation, whereas HSC respond to mechanical force mediated by osteoblastic lineage cell in osteoclastic differentiation.