Fabrication of Ba0.97La0.02Ti0.9Nb0.08O3 polycrystalline with improved dielectric and Raman studies using a flux method synthesis

A lead-free solid solution of a ferroelectric composition of Ba 0.97 La 0.02 Ti 0.90 Nb 0.08 O 3 (BLTi 0.9 Nb 0.08 ) was synthesized by a flux tool. The phase examination of the solid solution, approved via XRD pattern, demonstrates a single tetragonal perovskite phase and no marked impurity phase at room temperature. In our system, the surface morphology proved the creation of a supremely compact compound with a heterogeneous distribution of grains of fluctuating dimensions. Via Raman spectroscopy, width location, peak intensity, and phonon mode statistics were investigated. The dependence of dielectric coefficients and electrical modulus parameters on temperature and frequency has been investigated. Relaxor aspects distinguished in the dielectric investigation were proved through modified Curie–Weiss laws. In view of an examination of the complex modulus spectrum in our system, conduction behavior has been implied. This type of ferroelectric ceramic relaxer system exhibits large temperature-independent relative dielectric properties and low tangent loss and can be used in various modern dielectrical, electrical, and electronic applications.