Improving technology of cultivation of spring wheat in arid conditions of Southern urals

Article presents the results of research aimed at improving the technology of spring wheat cultivation in the conditions of arid agriculture in the Southern Urals using the subwinter sowing period. The influence of the subwinter sowing period of spring wheat on the water regime of the soil, the efficiency of the use of soil moisture, the infestation of crops and crop yields was studied. The analysis of the crop structure was carried out. The nature-like technology of sowing spring wheat before winter, taking into account its biological characteristics, ensures the production of ultra-early shoots in spring. Early vegetation of a crop with a deficient moisture supply increases the efficiency of using natural humidification resources and ensures the passage of critical development phases in more favorable hydrothermal conditions. An increase in the competitiveness of spring wheat of the subwinter sowing period in relation to weeds and a corresponding decrease in their number and weight were revealed. The quantitative seeding rate has been determined, which ensures the optimal density of subwinter sowing - 4.5 million germinating grains pieces/ha. The use of the subwinter sowing period instead of the spring one in the cultivation of spring wheat ensured better development of plants, increased the main indicators of the crop structure and biological yield by 36.7%.