Explant rejuvenation in the clonal propagation of woody plants

Long-lived nature of woody plants makes their vegetative propagation difficult but, studying their response to in vitro morphogenic processes (somatic embryogenesis, shoot, or roots) under the influence of plant growth regulators through culture media manipulation, the underlying physiological and genomic expression (epigenetic changes of DNA methylation, histone modifications and small RNAs) essential for the formation of morphogenic structures are alternative methods for clonal propagation of the plants. Key message In vitro rejuvenation in woody plants, under the influence of plant growth regulators, is regulated by physiological and molecular changes essential for the regulation of associated morphogenesis expression in the in vitro cultures.