Antibacterial activities of biochar and liquid smoke of cacao POD husks against Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp

Antibacterial growth promoters (AGP) have been prohibited in different countries as they cause bacterial resistance. Alternative AGP from natural substances or agricultural wastes has been searched. This experiment aims to study the antibacterial activity of biochar and liquid smoke from cacao pod husks (CPH) against Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. The observation on the antibacterial activity of liquid smoke was carried out in triplicates using the agar well diffusion method. In contrast, the antibacterial activity of biochar was observed in duplicates using the clearance test method. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that liquid smoke has antibacterial activity against E. coli and Salmonella sp. Liquid smoke from whole cacao pod husks that were pyrolyzed by close technique has antibacterial activity against Salmonella sp. A substantial inhibition zone diameter of 12.0-18.67#x2005;mm for a 2.5-7.5#x2005;mL/10#x2005;mL concentration. The liquid smoke from milled CPH from close techniques has a strong antibacterial activity against E. coli with inhibition zone 9.5-15.00#x2005;mm for a concentration of 2.5-7.5#x2005;mL/10mL. Biochar (0.2#x2005;mg/mL-2#x2005;mg/mL) obtained by both close and semi-close techniques have a 99-100#x0025; mortality rate since it can adsorb E. coli and Salmonella sp. Biochar and liquid smoke resulting from pyrolyzed cacao pod husks can inhibit both. E. coli and Salmonella sp, so it is suitable to be used as a feed additive to replace antibiotics in the animal feed.