Numerical analysis of water entry under ocean currents with smoothed particle hydrodynamics method

Water entry is a fluid–structure interaction process closely related to the ocean environment. Repeated water entries take place when ships are sailing in an ocean environment, e.g., ocean currents, which greatly affect the ship's safety and stability in navigation. In this paper, we adopt a smoothed particle hydrodynamics method to numerically study the water entry of a bow-flare ship body section under ocean currents. We simulate the process of water entry under different current velocities and analyze in detail the fluid field regarding the free surface evolution, the velocity and pressure distributions, and the body's forces and motions. It is revealed that the ocean current can induce multidirectional fluid impacts, and a stagnation point with zero velocity occurs at the upstream side. Asymmetric fluid fields including the evolution of the free surface and the velocity and pressure distributions around the body can also be found. In addition, discrepancies are caused in the formation time and the range of the high-pressure region. These fluid field changes greatly affect the ship body's dynamic responses. However, the effects of the ocean current are mainly reflected in the direction of the current flow and are relatively small in the direction perpendicular to the flow.