Impact of herbivory by Zerenopsis lepida (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) on the endangered Encephalartos eugene-maraisii under field conditions
Encephalartos eugene-maraisii is an endangered, endemic plant in the Waterberg Mountain range of South Africa. This is the first report of herbivory by Zerenopsis lepida (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) on natural populations of E. eugene-maraisii . The impact of herbivory by folivorous arthropods on this...
Gespeichert in:
Veröffentlicht in: | Biodiversity and conservation 2023-06, Vol.32 (7), p.2451-2468 |
---|---|
Hauptverfasser: | , , |
Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
Zusammenfassung: | Encephalartos eugene-maraisii
is an endangered, endemic plant in the Waterberg Mountain range of South Africa. This is the first report of herbivory by
Zerenopsis lepida
(Lepidoptera: Geometridae) on natural populations of
E. eugene-maraisii
. The impact of herbivory by folivorous arthropods on this cycad species has not been studied before. This study aimed to determine the incidence and intensity of
Z. lepida
herbivory on
E. eugene-maraisii
under field conditions. Local plant dynamics were studied by recording the plant location, sex, size and phenological stage for each plant. Damage surveys were carried out over two consecutive seasons (2020–2021 and 2021–2022). Leaf damage was assessed on 227 plants comprising 692 stems. Approximately 40% of the stems had signs of leaf herbivory by
Z. lepida
and 10% of the total leaf area was removed by
Z. lepida
larvae. Less herbivory was recorded in areas where plants synchronously produced new leaf flushes compared to areas with asynchronous leaf flushes. Greater apparency of plants led to a greater incidence of herbivory and level of damage. Repeated damage to plants may delay future leaf and cone flushing events and contribute to the threat against this cycad species. |
---|---|
ISSN: | 0960-3115 1572-9710 |
DOI: | 10.1007/s10531-023-02612-z |