An investigation on organic and inorganic materials for hole transport layer in lead-free third-generation solar cell

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become particularly appealing to the photovoltaic community due to its tremendous growth in performance over the last few decades. The adoption of lead-based perovskite solar cells is hindered by concerns about toxicity and durability. In recent years, studies related to PSCs have focused on these difficulties by applying various methodologies in the material of charge transport layers, absorber layers, and metal contacts. We propose titanium-based perovskite solar cells in this paper, which could be significant in commercialising high-performance PSC. This article focuses on the function and classifications of various HTL materials in improving photovoltaic characteristics and, as a result, increasing device efficiencies. Organic and inorganic hole transport materials (HTMs) are the two forms of HTMs. We have taken both the materials for simulation with inorganic TiO 2 as ETL to fully understand the characteristics of each type of HTMs. Finally, we propose a high-performance PSC with a 9.96% efficiency at room temperature. The findings indicate that inorganic HTM in combination with Cs 2 TiBr 6 could help to build highly useful environmentally friendly inorganic PSC.