Biosynthesis of CaO Nanoparticles using Cleome viscosa Leaf Extract and Investigation of their Antioxidative and Cytotoxicity Activity

Cleome viscose Linn. also known as the jakhya are widely utilised in traditional and ethnomedicine. Biosynthesis of calcium oxide nanoparticles has captured attention of many as due synthesis involve non-toxic and eco-friendly solvents and ingredients, is more environmentally friendly, least time taking and cost-effective, and simpler than the other alternatives. In the study CaCO3 was obtained from conch shell. CaONPs were biosynthesized in methanolic extract of Cleome viscosa leaves through precipitation and deposition of CaCO3. The synthesized CaO nanoparticle was having the average particle size of ~72 nm according to DLS and the particle was found to be stable with zeta potential of -21.6 mV. The SEM analysis of nanoparticle predicted the structure to be roughly round. The UV-Visible spectrophotometer analysis predicted the maximum absorption in the visible range of ~400-420 nm. The synthesized CaO nanoparticle was found to be quite effective against BT-474 breast cancer cell line of conc. 3.4 mg/ml having cell cytotoxicity of ~ 86% at this concentration and IC50 of nanoparticle was 1.359 mg/ml. The IC50 of Antioxidative assay was 282 µg/ml and 525 µg/ml for DPPH and ABTS free radicals respectively.