Deep Machine Learning in Optimization of Scientific Research Activities

— This article provides a general overview of machine learning, a subdomain of artificial intelligence. The substance of the deep learning process is explained, and key features of deep learning as a high-level artificial intelligence technology are outlined. Differences between deep and conventional machine learning are analyzed. The architecture of deep learning models is considered. Issues with using deep learning in neural networks are outlined, and key processes of the functioning of neural networks are described. The importance of deep learning neural networks for processing big data is noted. Specific examples of application of deep learning algorithms in various research fields, specifically, scientometrics, bibliometrics, medicine, geoseismic research, and others, are provided. It is shown that deep learning plays an important role in optimizing research activities and improving research productivity.