Recent advancements of PEMFC in transport applications

This paper reveals a review on the advancements of PEM fuel cells in the areas of transportation which includes road, railways, marine, and aviation. Initially the PEM fuel applications are limited to the power generation. A significant change in the design of PEM fuel cells used in the vehicles are addressed in this work. The first fuel cell used in the vehicle has less power output, occupies more volume and less energy efficient. After that the PEMFC technology has gone through different phases and eventually more energy efficient and high-power output fuel cell was developed for the road transport applications. Similarly, PEMFCs are developed for railway and marine applications. Power management system using PI controllers is one of the most important aspects of PEMFCs in marine or ship applications. According to the findings of this study, PEMFC technology is mature in some transportation sectors but not in others, such as aviation. This paper also provides a comparative statement in the design versions of PEMFCs used in various transportation systems