Correlation Between Serum Soluble Cell Adhesion Molecules and Multiple Sclerosis Disease Severity

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by multifocal inflammatory leukocyte infiltration and demyelination. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) was found to be correlated with clinical and pathological disease activity. Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess serum level of Soluble cell adhesion molecules in patients with Multiple Sclerosis and to find correlation between serum level of soluble cell adhesion molecules and the clinical disease severity. Methods: Our study included 32 patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis patients and (18 patients with Relapsing Remittent MS (3 males &15 females), 4 males with Primary Progressive MS and 10 females with secondary progressive MS) who met the criteria of clinically definite MS according to revised McDonald criteria 2017, selected from Neurology Department, Zagazig University Hospitals and Outpatient Clinic , Also 32 age and sex matched healthy volunteers as control group were included in this study. History taking, clinical, assessment of disease severity by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), as well as adhesion molecules which was measured in serum, were done to all subjects. Results: there were positive correlations between all Serum Cell Adhesion Molecules and disease duration and EDSS, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between all Serum Cell Adhesion Molecules and T2LV and T1LV and also there was a statistically significant negative correlation between all Serum Cell Adhesion Molecules and Normalized Brain Volume. Conclusion: Multiple Sclerosis is an unpredictable, often disabling disease of the central nervous system involving an immune mediated process in which an abnormal response of the immune system of the body is directed against the central nervous system, several adhesion molecules are involved in immune-inflammatory processes promoting progressive neurodegenerative disability of the central nervous system and increasing the brain atrophy