Identifying the Most Important Confounders When Assessing the Association Between Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation and Musculoskeletal Pain: A Modified Delphi Study
Abstract Objective The association between low-grade systemic inflammation and musculoskeletal pain may be influenced by multiple factors. However, little is known about the relative importance of these factors, and few studies account for them. This Delphi study aimed to reach consensus on the most...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) Mass.), 2021-11, Vol.22 (11), p.2661-2669 |
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description | Abstract
Objective
The association between low-grade systemic inflammation and musculoskeletal pain may be influenced by multiple factors. However, little is known about the relative importance of these factors, and few studies account for them. This Delphi study aimed to reach consensus on the most important confounders which influence the association between low-grade systemic inflammation and musculoskeletal pain.
Methods
The panel consisted of 48 experts. In Round 1, the experts proposed what they believed were important confounders. In Round 2, the experts indicated for each confounder whether they believed it was important (yes/no). At least 50% of experts had to indicate the confounder was important to be considered in the final round. In Round 3, the experts rated the importance of each confounder on a 7-point Likert scale. Consensus was reached if ≥75% of the experts considered the factor either extremely or moderately important.
Results
In Round 1, 120 confounders were proposed, which were synthesized into 38 distinct factors. In Round 2, 33 confounders met the criterion to be considered important. In Round 3, consensus was reached for 14 confounders: acute illness/trauma, immune disease, medication use, endocrine, nutritional, or metabolic disease, other musculoskeletal conditions, age, handling of blood samples, sex, cancer, body composition, pregnancy, cardiovascular disease, physical activity, and pain characteristics.
Conclusions
These findings provide insight in the complexity of the association between low-grade systemic inflammation and musculoskeletal pain. Some factors currently listed as confounders may be re-classified as moderators or mediators as insights progress. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1093/pm/pnab243 |
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Objective
The association between low-grade systemic inflammation and musculoskeletal pain may be influenced by multiple factors. However, little is known about the relative importance of these factors, and few studies account for them. This Delphi study aimed to reach consensus on the most important confounders which influence the association between low-grade systemic inflammation and musculoskeletal pain.
Methods
The panel consisted of 48 experts. In Round 1, the experts proposed what they believed were important confounders. In Round 2, the experts indicated for each confounder whether they believed it was important (yes/no). At least 50% of experts had to indicate the confounder was important to be considered in the final round. In Round 3, the experts rated the importance of each confounder on a 7-point Likert scale. Consensus was reached if ≥75% of the experts considered the factor either extremely or moderately important.
Results
In Round 1, 120 confounders were proposed, which were synthesized into 38 distinct factors. In Round 2, 33 confounders met the criterion to be considered important. In Round 3, consensus was reached for 14 confounders: acute illness/trauma, immune disease, medication use, endocrine, nutritional, or metabolic disease, other musculoskeletal conditions, age, handling of blood samples, sex, cancer, body composition, pregnancy, cardiovascular disease, physical activity, and pain characteristics.
Conclusions
These findings provide insight in the complexity of the association between low-grade systemic inflammation and musculoskeletal pain. Some factors currently listed as confounders may be re-classified as moderators or mediators as insights progress.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1526-2375</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1526-4637</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnab243</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34343332</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Body composition ; Cardiovascular diseases ; Consensus ; Delphi method ; Delphi Technique ; Development and progression ; Humans ; Immunological diseases ; Inflammation ; Metabolic disorders ; Musculoskeletal diseases ; Musculoskeletal Pain - diagnosis ; Musculoskeletal Pain - epidemiology ; Musculoskeletal, Rehabilitation & Regenerative Medicine Section ; Pain ; Physical activity ; Risk factors</subject><ispartof>Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.), 2021-11, Vol.22 (11), p.2661-2669</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Academy of Pain Medicine. 2021</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Academy of Pain Medicine.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Oxford University Press</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c503t-9d1888866bef566d768341f13d5312e1e1f0356ff78b4eb40d5adf8859d015b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c503t-9d1888866bef566d768341f13d5312e1e1f0356ff78b4eb40d5adf8859d015b3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-4409-9554 ; 0000-0002-6524-7245 ; 0000-0002-2293-0554 ; 0000-0002-3958-4408</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,315,781,785,886,1585,27926,27927</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34343332$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Koop, Meghan A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lutke Schipholt, Ivo J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scholten-Peeters, Gwendolyne G M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coppieters, Michel W</creatorcontrib><title>Identifying the Most Important Confounders When Assessing the Association Between Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation and Musculoskeletal Pain: A Modified Delphi Study</title><title>Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.)</title><addtitle>Pain Med</addtitle><description>Abstract
Objective
The association between low-grade systemic inflammation and musculoskeletal pain may be influenced by multiple factors. However, little is known about the relative importance of these factors, and few studies account for them. This Delphi study aimed to reach consensus on the most important confounders which influence the association between low-grade systemic inflammation and musculoskeletal pain.
Methods
The panel consisted of 48 experts. In Round 1, the experts proposed what they believed were important confounders. In Round 2, the experts indicated for each confounder whether they believed it was important (yes/no). At least 50% of experts had to indicate the confounder was important to be considered in the final round. In Round 3, the experts rated the importance of each confounder on a 7-point Likert scale. Consensus was reached if ≥75% of the experts considered the factor either extremely or moderately important.
Results
In Round 1, 120 confounders were proposed, which were synthesized into 38 distinct factors. In Round 2, 33 confounders met the criterion to be considered important. In Round 3, consensus was reached for 14 confounders: acute illness/trauma, immune disease, medication use, endocrine, nutritional, or metabolic disease, other musculoskeletal conditions, age, handling of blood samples, sex, cancer, body composition, pregnancy, cardiovascular disease, physical activity, and pain characteristics.
Conclusions
These findings provide insight in the complexity of the association between low-grade systemic inflammation and musculoskeletal pain. Some factors currently listed as confounders may be re-classified as moderators or mediators as insights progress.</description><subject>Body composition</subject><subject>Cardiovascular diseases</subject><subject>Consensus</subject><subject>Delphi method</subject><subject>Delphi Technique</subject><subject>Development and progression</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunological diseases</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Metabolic disorders</subject><subject>Musculoskeletal diseases</subject><subject>Musculoskeletal Pain - diagnosis</subject><subject>Musculoskeletal Pain - epidemiology</subject><subject>Musculoskeletal, Rehabilitation & Regenerative Medicine Section</subject><subject>Pain</subject><subject>Physical activity</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><issn>1526-2375</issn><issn>1526-4637</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>TOX</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9km1rFDEQxxdR7IO-8QNIQIQiXJtsNg_XF8J5aj24otCCL0N2M7lL3U3WTdZyn8cvao67Viti5kUmyW_-w0ymKF4QfErwlJ713VnvdV1W9FFxSFjJJxWn4vHeL6lgB8VRjDcYE15J-rQ4oFU2SsvD4ufCgE_ObpxfobQGdBliQouuD0PSPqF58DaM3sAQ0dc1eDSLEWK8o_MpNE4nFzx6B-kWMrEMt5OLQRtAV5uYoHMNWnjb6q7bcdobdDnGZmxD_AYtJN2iL9r5czTL2Y2zDgx6D22_dugqjWbzrHhidRvh-X4_Lq4_frief5osP18s5rPlpGGYpsnUEJkX5zVYxrkRXNKKWEINo6QEAsRiyri1QtYV1BU2TBsrJZsaTFhNj4u3O9l-rDswTe7LoFvVD67Tw0YF7dTDF-_WahV-KMkpFaLKAid7gSF8HyEm1bnYQNtqD2GMqmRMYjkVHGf01V_oTRgHn6tTpSRcECmE-E2tdAvK5Z_IeZutqJoJnKXKkpWZOv0Hlc1sex88WJfvHwS82QU0Q4hxAHtfI8FqO1Gq79R-ojL88s-u3KN3I5SB1zsgjP3_hH4BHPzVxw</recordid><startdate>20211101</startdate><enddate>20211101</enddate><creator>Koop, Meghan A</creator><creator>Lutke Schipholt, Ivo J</creator><creator>Scholten-Peeters, Gwendolyne G M</creator><creator>Coppieters, Michel W</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>TOX</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-9554</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6524-7245</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2293-0554</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3958-4408</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20211101</creationdate><title>Identifying the Most Important Confounders When Assessing the Association Between Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation and Musculoskeletal Pain: A Modified Delphi Study</title><author>Koop, Meghan A ; Lutke Schipholt, Ivo J ; Scholten-Peeters, Gwendolyne G M ; Coppieters, Michel W</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c503t-9d1888866bef566d768341f13d5312e1e1f0356ff78b4eb40d5adf8859d015b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Body composition</topic><topic>Cardiovascular diseases</topic><topic>Consensus</topic><topic>Delphi method</topic><topic>Delphi Technique</topic><topic>Development and progression</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunological diseases</topic><topic>Inflammation</topic><topic>Metabolic disorders</topic><topic>Musculoskeletal diseases</topic><topic>Musculoskeletal Pain - diagnosis</topic><topic>Musculoskeletal Pain - epidemiology</topic><topic>Musculoskeletal, Rehabilitation & Regenerative Medicine Section</topic><topic>Pain</topic><topic>Physical activity</topic><topic>Risk factors</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Koop, Meghan A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lutke Schipholt, Ivo J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scholten-Peeters, Gwendolyne G M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coppieters, Michel W</creatorcontrib><collection>Oxford Journals Open Access Collection</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Psychology Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Koop, Meghan A</au><au>Lutke Schipholt, Ivo J</au><au>Scholten-Peeters, Gwendolyne G M</au><au>Coppieters, Michel W</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Identifying the Most Important Confounders When Assessing the Association Between Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation and Musculoskeletal Pain: A Modified Delphi Study</atitle><jtitle>Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.)</jtitle><addtitle>Pain Med</addtitle><date>2021-11-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>22</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>2661</spage><epage>2669</epage><pages>2661-2669</pages><issn>1526-2375</issn><eissn>1526-4637</eissn><abstract>Abstract
Objective
The association between low-grade systemic inflammation and musculoskeletal pain may be influenced by multiple factors. However, little is known about the relative importance of these factors, and few studies account for them. This Delphi study aimed to reach consensus on the most important confounders which influence the association between low-grade systemic inflammation and musculoskeletal pain.
Methods
The panel consisted of 48 experts. In Round 1, the experts proposed what they believed were important confounders. In Round 2, the experts indicated for each confounder whether they believed it was important (yes/no). At least 50% of experts had to indicate the confounder was important to be considered in the final round. In Round 3, the experts rated the importance of each confounder on a 7-point Likert scale. Consensus was reached if ≥75% of the experts considered the factor either extremely or moderately important.
Results
In Round 1, 120 confounders were proposed, which were synthesized into 38 distinct factors. In Round 2, 33 confounders met the criterion to be considered important. In Round 3, consensus was reached for 14 confounders: acute illness/trauma, immune disease, medication use, endocrine, nutritional, or metabolic disease, other musculoskeletal conditions, age, handling of blood samples, sex, cancer, body composition, pregnancy, cardiovascular disease, physical activity, and pain characteristics.
Conclusions
These findings provide insight in the complexity of the association between low-grade systemic inflammation and musculoskeletal pain. Some factors currently listed as confounders may be re-classified as moderators or mediators as insights progress.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>34343332</pmid><doi>10.1093/pm/pnab243</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-9554</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6524-7245</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2293-0554</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3958-4408</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Body composition Cardiovascular diseases Consensus Delphi method Delphi Technique Development and progression Humans Immunological diseases Inflammation Metabolic disorders Musculoskeletal diseases Musculoskeletal Pain - diagnosis Musculoskeletal Pain - epidemiology Musculoskeletal, Rehabilitation & Regenerative Medicine Section Pain Physical activity Risk factors |
title | Identifying the Most Important Confounders When Assessing the Association Between Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation and Musculoskeletal Pain: A Modified Delphi Study |
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